Al-Ghazali commented on the way in which non-Muslim citizens were given the freedom to practice their religious rights even under Islam and how they developed. He said that an equivalent example has been established to the freedom of belief and religious freedom that Islam has provided. And it has never happened that people of different religions have been given the opportunity to survive or develop. Some more incidents are coming up in our discussion about the way Islam has done this and how Islam has given the opportunity. Omar Ibn al-Khattab made several agreements with the Christians who were living in Syria or Palestine that. Through these agreements, they would get the security of their lives, property and family. 30 points. In the case of the next committee, we have agreed with them on a total of 31 points by adding an additional point on our part. Now we are going to discuss what was in those agreements. The Christians of Syria expect security for their lives, property, families and our affairs from Amirul Momineen Omar Ibnul Khattab Al-Faruq. We declare for ourselves the following conditions for all these matters: Number one, we will respect Muslims. Number two, if Muslims want to sit in our meetings, we will give them a place to sit. We will not imitate Muslims in any matter, such as our clothes, hats, shoes and manner of speaking. Number five, we will not use names and surnames like Muslims. Number six, we will not use a mattress when riding a horse. Number seven, we will not carry a sword on our shoulders. Number eight, we will not make or carry any weapons. Number nine, we will not make more bizarre designs on our coins. Number ten, we will not trade in alcohol. We will not cut the hair in front of our heads or keep long hair. Number twelve, we will remain in our own form wherever we are. 13 We will wear a cross around our necks. They were Christians, so that they could be identified. 14 We will not put up the cross in the church. We will not preach our religion openly in the market or on the road to Muslims. They will not preach polytheism. 16 We will ring the bell softly. 17 We will not chant slogans while carrying the coffins of the dead. 18 We will not carry the fire of the funeral procession. The funeral procession is for the fire worshippers who used to worship fire. We will not build any new churches in our town. If it is destroyed, we will not rebuild it. 21 We will not cultivate within the borders of the Muslim lands. 22 We will not prevent any Muslim from entering the church at any time of the day or night. 23 And we will make the church a place for tourists and will provide hospitality for three days. 25 We will not give what is in any of our churches or houses to any spy. 26 We will not conceal anything from the Muslims by deception. 27 We will not teach the Quran to our children because they are non-Muslims. That is, they are the ones who, for various purposes that we are currently showing, create doubts among the Muslims by misinterpreting the documents of Islam against Islam through oriental studies and intelligence. The enemies of Islam use them for that. The point was that they should not gain this opportunity, through which we will get security from the Muslims. We will not teach the Quran to our children. 28 We will not expose the practice of polytheism. 29 We will not invite anyone to the act of shirk. If any of our relatives embraces Islam, we will not prevent it. Later, Omar added another point. He wrote in point number 31 that we will not beat or beat any Muslim, that is, we will not cause any trouble to any Muslim. We are getting security for the people of our religion in exchange for all these conditions and if we break or disobey any of these conditions, then our agreement and promise will be considered null and void, then the same treatment that Muslims use with their enemies will be applied to us. These issues are discussed in detail in the commentary of Surah At-Tawbah. 31 points come before us. Non-Muslim citizens will get security of life and property in living under Muslims or Islam. By adhering to these conditions and paying the jizya, they will get security.
In this regard, Allah says in the Quran: Fight against those of the People of the Book who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day. They do not consider forbidden what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, nor do they accept the truth, until they pay the jizyah, humbly or humbly.
So in this verse Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala says that they will pay Jizya and in such a situation they will pay Jizya while they are belittling themselves through taxes they will pay Jizya. From the Quran we see that in the explanation of this verse it is mentioned in the Tafsir that one of the literal meanings of Jizya is exchange so what is being accepted here in exchange? In the terminology of Sharia, the tax that the Islamic state collects in exchange for providing security to the lives and properties of Muslim citizens or infidels is Jizya. By accepting Jizya, their lives and properties are being provided security. Their kufr is not being recognized. They are steadfast in their kufr religion, kufr belief, faith, and creed. No kind of legitimacy is being given but only the security of their lives and properties is being ensured by the Islamic government. One thing is that the Jizya rate was much lower than the high taxes that non-Muslims used to pay to their Christian rulers when they were under the Roman emperors and the Roman emperors. So in no case was it any kind of oppression or coercion on them. I noticed that those who were unable to work or earn did not have any obligation to pay Jizya. For example, old people who had abandoned their families or children, women or disabled people, only those who were able to earn money were accepted as Jizya. It was accepted as an exchange for legitimizing kufr, then those women and children or disabled people or priests also had to be made safe, so accepting Jizya never meant recognizing kufr. The various points in the agreement were about 31 points. Many times, we are more used to hearing things that we hear nowadays. Such as freedom of thoughts, freedom of rights, etc. While listening to them, which are in fact meaningless, it may seem to us that non-Muslims have been brought into such agreements that they may not have come to the same level or equality with Muslims. The first thing is that we do not deny that non-Muslim citizens will not come to the same level as Muslims in terms of state residence, nor will they remain. But it is not that they will be discriminated against. Or will they be deprived of their rights. They will live in their own area and practice their religion there. They must face some restrictions and controls in the propagation of that religious belief because the kufr and shirk that they are preaching is not limited to religious belief only. Because the Islamic state is based on the creed on which it is based. So it is not only a matter of religious belief but it is a matter of the ideology of the state in which we live as non-Muslim citizens, which is contrary to the ideology and ideals of the state. When a community lives in a place and if it conflicts with the ideology or constitution of that state, it will be easier for us to understand this issue if we keep in mind how different communities are treated. So it was not only a matter of religion, it was also a matter of the Islamic state but also some of the characteristics or examples of freedom that was given to them despite the fact that it was contrary to the ideology of the Islamic state. In Sahih Muslim, we find a hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) in which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Do not greet the Jews and the Christians first, and if you meet them on the road, force them to leave.” He mentioned his interpretation, which is why our Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made such conditions with them. They agreed on this. They said that the people of Zimmah or non-Muslim citizens who are protected by the President of Islam by paying the Jizya have the right to perform their religious rituals and in that case, they should not be hindered in any way. They want to do these things openly, such as taking out a procession or carrying their statues or crosses. In that case, they cannot do these things in the Muslim areas where Muslims live, but in the areas where they live alone, in their own villages or cities, they have the freedom to do these things. We are also looking at the agreement that Omar made with the Christians in Egypt. Now we are going to that issue and then we will try to review these agreements a little. Omar bin Khattab made an agreement with the Christians in Egypt and he promised them that he would provide security to their places of worship, their homes, land, etc. He said that he would provide security to their lives and property. He said that we will allow them to practice their religion freely in their churches. There they can say whatever they want, that is, they even say blasphemy. For example, Christians have proven that they are completely against Islam and faith, and they have seen Jesus (peace be upon him). Non-Muslims can also say such blasphemy, but it will be in those places where they will worship. Omar Ibn Al-Khattab said about this agreement between us and them that they can say whatever they want in their churches. He also said that we will not impose anything on them beyond their capacity. We will not force them beyond what they are able to do. He also said that if anyone comes to attack them and harm them, we will fight their enemies on their behalf. We will allow them to appoint judges from among themselves and make their own separate legal laws. But if they themselves come to our courts to seek justice, that is an exception, and if they are separate from us, we will not let them have any of these. These were some of the reasons that Omar Ibn Al-Khattab bound himself to non-Muslim citizens through the Jizya. And by adhering to these agreements, they will gain security in life and property.
In what era, many people are sometimes confused by these arguments in relation to the current situation. Nowadays, we are used to hearing all these words from different people, such as religious freedom, equality, minority rights. Are these agreements actually compatible with those ideals? First of all, we want to say that in the current era, the words so-called freedom of religion or minority rights are used. These words are actually a kind of linguistic double-dealing behavior. The reality is that we are going through a time in history in the present world. When the differences and hatred between people are the most, in how many years have there been so many wars and conflicts in the world. That is more than any other time in the past, there has been a great war, a world war, and later another undeclared world war against Muslims. The crusade against Muslims is a part of that world war, division, and we live in a world of foreign countries, and we hear some meaningless nonsense through propaganda through the media. We are used to freedom of rights, humanity, etc., etc., especially if we look at its origin, there was a big change in the changes that came about in Europe and the West after the French Revolution. In the regime where they are trying to run the state after coming out of the influence of religion, it has taken a stronger form. For example, the slogan of the French Revolution was equality, friendship, freedom, liberty, equality. In the policy too, they keep those ideals in mind and talk about equal rights. But what is the reality? When Muslims become a minority, they completely forget these slogans. They do not want to accept any kind of equality or giving Muslims the same rights as their citizens. They want to give them as much rights as they say, keep religion in your mind, there is no need to bring it out or openly. That is, they will give Muslims freedom, you can practice Islam in your mind, if you do it openly, then problems will start there. The reality of those who talk about freedom of speech, religious freedom, etc. today is the same thing. In the case of minority rights, they are vocal about minority rights or minority rights, etc., but if we look at their own past history, what happened? When the Europeans came to America and established the foundation of those Native Americans, they killed all the Native American people and turned them into an almost extinct nation.
So first of all we are going back to the time when Khattab made these agreements with them. At that time we have not seen how people of other religions treated people of different religions or gave them freedom. We will come to what freedom the so-called liberals of today are giving? When Muslims become a minority of Muslims, first of all we have to see that whoever was the ruler in the world at that time, whoever gained the power to rule, became an arbitrary dictator. This reality was true in the case of the Romans or Persians or Indians or Chinese. They did not see people as extraordinary people as people, but as slaves and considered themselves their lords or masters. They thought of Allah as God, they thought of God, all of them were outside the royal ideology. They never tolerated or tolerated any dissenting ideology or religion. Even among the Christians, the sectarian Christians could not be tolerated by the people of a different sect. We can easily guess what the attitude towards other religions was. The Romans, despite being Christians, did not tolerate other branches of Christians among themselves. For example, the Jacobite king of the Christians in Egypt forced them to become Christians. He imprisoned them for them, burned them alive. How did the Persians treat Christians because they were Hindus? But Islam clearly gave a person the opportunity to remain a non-Muslim in the world? It gave him freedom, protected him by following the rules, ensured his life, his security and rights. Along with this, a non-Muslim is also informed that Jizya is being taken through which you get all the rights and security. This is never an acknowledgement of your kufr religion but your religious ideology is false and false, shirk and evil is false and false, for which you will be eternally in hell in the hereafter. You are only getting this status of potato guardianship, at the same time I have to stay here with those agreements, the rights of non-Muslims, etc. Another thing we have to keep in mind in this context is which is the greatest right? Maria, looking at these things, we may think that some rules and regulations have been made for non-Muslims? They will not be able to ring the bell of their church softly, they will not be able to ring it loudly. They will not be able to be in a high place from the mosque, and they will not be able to do these things. On the contrary, what did Omar Khattab give them? On the contrary, he gave them to appoint judges from among themselves and decide their own matters according to their own laws. We are allowing them to make their own separate legal laws, but even then if they come to our courts for justice, we will be judged. That is an exception. I can see that Islam has given its own ruling system or governance system, law system, court to those living under it.
Those polytheists of Mecca invited Islam, got the rights, this time they could have imprisoned them, Islam is not limited to this. If it comes to religious rights and freedom, then the whole issue of Islam will come up, not limited to this, that I am limited to worship, personal prayer, fasting, Hajj and we are being forced to accept other provisions by removing Islam from all other places. The current situation is the same, in many cases, Muslims are not getting what the polytheists of Mecca used to give to Muslims. The minority Muslims of China are being forced not to fast. And this is being ensured, that is, they must take food during the day. Separate camps are being created and Muslims are being kept there. And they are being forced there to drink alcohol, eat pork and publicly abuse Islam. We can see this reality in Pakistan, East Turkestan or Uyghur province, in different places, by making direct laws, by making direct laws, Muslim women are being forced not to wear niqab, not to wear hijab. And from the history of British India, we also see that Muslims were forced to keep beards by various landlords or rulers. You have to cut your beard if you don’t cut it, if you don’t cut it, you have to pay a high price. Where did all those bullets of religious equality and rights go? Why did you die? Why did you take this role? In this context, we have mentioned the hadith of Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that no two days will be the same on the Arabian Peninsula. Also, if we look at historical events, many logical answers come to us. In the beginning, when we go to Medina, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) migrated to Medina and made a treaty with the Jews and gave them the freedom to live there. He gave them the freedom to practice their religious beliefs and rituals. We see this mentioned in the Medina Charter. Even after the Jews had entered into such a treaty with the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), they broke their treaty at every opportunity. They betrayed and enmity. They incited the enemies against the Muslims and tried to kill and harm the Muslims. They cannot blame anyone but themselves for the harm they suffered by being expelled. They brought danger to themselves by breaking the treaty and betraying them. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) wanted to make it clear to them that he had made a treaty with the Jews in Khaibar. These matters are mentioned in detail in the biography of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). It is beyond our scope, but the gist of it is that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) made the decision for them from there. In the end, the expulsion order was suspended on their basis, but it was not canceled.
In such a situation, the Jews were living there on certain conditions. The name of the next famous person in Khaibar is the Caliphate. An incident happened. Abdullah Umar’s son went there. In that area where the Jews were settled. There was some fertile land of Abdullah bin Umar, some business lights, etc. Abdullah went there for all those things and stayed there for the night. At night, some people from the Jews of Khaibar attacked him. They attacked him and broke his ankles. Umar gave a sermon and he said, I suspect that no one else did this to my son except the Jews. Only they in Khaibar can do such an incident. Umar said, so I declare that we will expel them from Khaibar. In that situation, a leader from the Jews came to discuss with Umar Al-Khattab and said, O my Khattab, have you forgotten that your Messenger allowed you to live here and made a treaty with us? Umar, you seem to have forgotten what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said. Allah the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, “What will happen to you when you are expelled from Khaibar and your camels get tired of carrying you? They will run after you night after night.” Then the Jewish leader said, “This is what Abu’l-Qasim said. He was joking. He was joking with us.” Umar said, “O enemy of Allah, you are lying.” The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had come to discuss this and had predicted that this person would lead them one day. So I had no chance to give him the title. Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) expelled them from the region of Si because of their misdeeds. Even then, my lord, Khattab gave them some compensation so that they could go to a new area and settle there. After receiving the compensation, the Jews of Khaibar established a new settlement in Najran, that is, in Palestine, and established another settlement and another base. The Jews lived there in a united state because of the record of their past history of evil deeds. He was worried and worried. He understood that this place was again a place of conspiracy against the Muslims. This region was also a region included in the Arabian Peninsula. Considering the overall situation, Amr ibn al-Khattab, thinking about the security of the Muslims, ordered them to leave that place for the second time and this time he fixed a place where they would live. He informed the governor of Iraq that he should allow them to come and settle in Iraq. This place was where they would live. Finally, after those Jews were rewarded for the second time, he established a place outside the city of Kufa in the present region and fixed that place as their own place. Khattab paid them compensation for the second time. So through this, the Jews were finally expelled from the Arabian Peninsula due to various events starting from the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).
The second incident should be taken. He was once giving a sermon to the Muslims in the mosque. He was saying that if you see any flaw in me, I want you to correct it. A brave and outspoken person from among the people present stood up and said that if we see any flaw in you, we will correct it with the sword. In the midst of the sermon, a person suddenly stood up and said, “Caliph, we will correct you with the sword if we see any mistake in you.” If this is considered in the context of the present time, any high-ranking official or the President or any local person in the public administration is giving a speech and a person present there uses such harsh language towards him, what will happen to that person? From now on, maybe the security guards will come and put him in jail on some charge that you were a threat to security. You are a radical person, etc. What did Karim al-Khattab say when he heard a person respond like this as the Caliph? He said, “Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah, Allah has placed people loyal to me who have the courage to correct me when I make a mistake.”
