In the first part of this episode, we will discuss when Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) started accepting the Bay’ah from the Muslims of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), which was called Bay’atul Amba. And there we will discuss the first speech or sermon he gave as Caliph. And we will also discuss what his lifestyle was like. Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) began accepting the oath of allegiance from the common people at the Prophet’s Mosque on Tuesday, the second day after assuming the caliphate. Millions of people were present inside and outside the mosque and Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) sat on the pulpit at the request of Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). First, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) delivered a speech or sermon, then the people present stood up one by one from their sitting positions, approached Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and began to take the oath of allegiance.
It is mentioned in the Hadith that Hazrat Ali (RA) was staying in his house and a person came to him and informed him that Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was giving the oath of allegiance to everyone in the Prophet’s Mosque. Upon hearing this, Hazrat Ali (RA) quickly went to the Prophet’s Mosque and received it from Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).
After giving the oath of allegiance, Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up on the pulpit and delivered his speech. The speech he gave was this: O people present, the responsibility of all of you has been entrusted to me. If I do the right thing, help me, and if I do the wrong thing, correct me. The most powerful among you is the one whose trust is with me and whose trust will be delivered at the right time. And the weakest among you is the one who is not paid his debt until he is paid. And those who refrain from Jihad, may Allah burden them with humiliation. And when indecency spreads among people, Allah seizes them with punishment. Stand up for prayer, may God have mercy on you.
This short speech of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) is very important and a masterpiece in the history of Islam. Many things can be gleaned from this short sermon or speech. This statement makes it clear what the relationship of the people will be with an Amir and how an Amir will govern his state. Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was about to initiate something that no one had done before. Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was about to initiate something that no one had done before. No one has had any experience before him on how to run a caliphate. Before him, the leader of the Muslims was the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was a prophet of God, so when a prophet leads Muslims and when an ordinary person leads Muslims, those are two different things. Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) through his speeches set the principles for those who would be the caliphs after him. Following the guidance of Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) is like following the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Follow my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Caliphs after me. Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Follow my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Caliphs after me.
Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) began his speech by saying, “I have been given authority over you, although I am not the best among you.” Choosing a caliph is a complicated task, but Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) made it easy by saying that he was not the best among the Muslim people. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said this out of humility, and he was undoubtedly the best of the Companions. And the companions said that we seek refuge in Allah rather than being ahead of Abu Bakr. We can learn a few points from this speech. First, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) gave legal guidance on what the law of the Islamic state should be. During the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), he was delivering divine messages from Allah through angels and thus guiding the Muslim nation. But now that there is no prophethood, what will Muslims follow? Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) has clearly stated that you will follow me as long as I follow the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). The source of the laws and regulations of the Islamic state will be the Quran of Allah and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Secondly, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) confirmed that whoever becomes the king of the Muslim nation will have to face accountability. The Ummah can hold its leader accountable When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was alive, he had no right to question him. Because there is no room for any questioning about the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Allah purified him and guided him through the angel Gabriel. And the purification that Allah Almighty performed on the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was done through angels. Humans had no say in this. So it can be understood from this that if the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had made any mistake, Allah Himself would correct it through the angels. But in this case, if Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) made any mistake, can he be corrected? He himself said that if I have made any mistake, you will correct me. So when power is not in the hands of a prophet but in the hands of an ordinary person, it is very natural for him to make mistakes. And if someone sees such mistakes, it is their responsibility to correct them. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) made his statement clear in front of the general public.
Later, when Hazrat Umar Farooq (may Allah be pleased with him) asked him what he would do if he had made any mistake, a man from the people stood up and said, “We will straighten you out with the sword.” Hearing this, Umar Farooq (may Allah be pleased with him) did not get angry, but said, “Praise be to Allah that a person like you is among the people.”
So there needs to be accountability at every level of the Islamic state, but unfortunately we don’t see that at the moment.
Third, the Islamic state system will be founded on justice and equality. In this regard, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “The strongest among you in my eyes is the one who gives me his due rights.” And the strongest among you will remain weak to me until he makes the other person understand his rights. “
One incident worth mentioning in this regard is that in the first year of the Caliphate, some property was transferred from Bahrain to Medina. He decided to distribute them to the general public. He was distributing ten dirhams to men, women, and the poor and the rich. When more wealth comes in the following year, he distributes it to everyone in 20 dirhams. But then some people rebelled, among them Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “You are giving the same rate to those who did not fight or emigrate.” Then today, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, “What you are talking about is a matter of completeness or completeness. It is for Allah to decide.” And what they are given in this worldly life is very little, and it is very important to maintain balance within it. Later, Hazrat Umar bin Khattab gave a little more dirhams to those who fought during the caliphate, but on his deathbed he regretted saying that if only I could have abolished this practice, if only I had followed the practice of Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him).
Here we note that at that time people received allowances from the state and unlike today, there was no obligation to be born in that country to obtain citizenship, but rather, only if someone accepted the Kalima, i.e. La ilaha illallahu Muhammadur Rasulullah, he would obtain citizenship of that place. And by reciting this Kalima, he could gain citizenship, whether he was white or black or whatever his entire identity was.
Fourthly, Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) made it clear that the relationship of the people with the one who would attain the caliphate would be based on trust. Fourthly, Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) made it clear that the relationship of the people with the one who would attain the caliphate would be based on trust. Fourthly, Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) made it clear that the relationship of the people with the one who would attain the caliphate would be based on trust.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said in a hadith that There are three people to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Judgment, even to them. A person who has illicit sex in old age, a king who tells lies and who is completely destitute but still arrogant.
Fifthly, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned that Allah will put those who abandon Jihad in a state of humiliation. Abu Bakr Siddique has a very clear policy. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) clearly stated that the Muslim Ummah gains grace and dignity through jihad. In other words, when this jihad is not part of the foreign policy of the state, Muslims will be humiliated and defeated. So he continued this matter during his caliphate and those who succeeded him in the caliphate also continued this matter.
Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) replied to this statement by the Prophet (PBUH) in a hadith. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: When people become involved in a type of economic transaction, they become involved in business, If they become busy with agricultural work and abandon jihad in the way of Allah, Allah will humiliate them innumerable times. Until they go back to their “Deen” on this matter.
In other words, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) said that no matter how much a person prospers financially, if he abandons Jihad in the way of Allah, Allah will surely humiliate him. The Muslim Ummah is being humiliated for abandoning Jihad. So Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) made it clear in his speech that jihad would be present in the Islamic state system.
On the fifth issue, he declared war on obscenity. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said that when obscenity spreads among people, Allah brings them under punishment. And this statement was given by Akkash (may Allah be pleased with him) from the hadith narrated by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) mentioned in the hadeeth of Ibn Mazar: “When immorality spreads among a nation, plague and other diseases spread among them that have never been seen in any other nation before.”
In other words, through obscenity, some diseases and dangers are transmitted among people that have never been seen before. Nowadays we see this worship of obscenity everywhere. During the Caliphate, some obscene acts occurred, but they were very secretive and people kept them secret because it was an Islamic state.
The incident that occurred after the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) One day, Hazrat Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) came to Hazrat Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased with him) and said: Let us go and see Umm Ayman. Umm Ayman only raised the Prophet (peace be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) had a very loving relationship with her. When Umm Ayman saw them, she started crying. Then he asked her why she was crying.
He said, “I am not weeping because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is no longer among us, but rather I am no more divine messages will come to us.” Hearing her words, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (RA) and Umar bin Khattab (RA) who were present started crying.
At the end of this episode, we would like to mention something that will happen, which will be a discussion about Abu Bakr Siddiq’s command to do good deeds and his command to do evil deeds.
Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) met a woman named Zaynat. Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) noticed that the woman was not talking to anyone. He asked the other people why this woman wasn’t talking. In the Age of Ignorance, there was a rule that people considered not speaking to be an act of worship. Then Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the woman that this is the policy of the age of ignorance. You should abandon this practice and speak. Then the woman started talking and asked Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) who he was. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that he was a Muhajir. Then the woman asked again which tribe he was from. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) replied that he was a Muhajir from the tribe of Quraysh. When the woman continued to question him, Abas Siddiqui (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “I am the current Caliph.” Then the woman asked Gadiya Tala Anhu to grant her leave, “How long can we stay on the “Deen” of the Messenger of Allah?” In response, Abu Bakr Siddique (may Allah be pleased with him) said that as long as your Then the woman asked who the leader was. Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, “The leader is the one among you whom the people listen to.” This hadith is narrated in Bukhari.
From this woman’s question, we learn that Muslims will remain on the right path as long as their Imams guide them. In this regard, the Prophet (peace be upon him) narrated in a hadith that a group of people among you will always be fighting for the truth and will never be harmed.
