Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was a man of great self-respect. He was deeply hurt by the terms of the argument. He could not accept that they had come to perform Umrah, but would return without performing Umrah. However, he later regretted his behavior. Here he questioned the terms of the treaty because he wanted victory on the “Din” of Allah. At first glance, his terms seemed insulting, so he did not want to make peace with the infidels.
Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and told him to write the terms of the agreement and start with Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim.
But Sohail interrupted him, saying that one cannot start writing in the name of Allah. He asked me to write Bismillah Allahumma. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “Okay, write it down.”
Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) agreed to the following agreement:
Here too, Sahail interrupted him and said, “We do not accept you as the Messenger of Allah. Write Ibn Abdullah.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) agreed and then the terms of the treaty were written down. Then the contract was written. The main points of the agreement were as follows:
- Both sides will be bound by a peace treaty for 10 years.
- No one will attack anyone in these ten years.
- If anyone from the Quraysh tribe joined Muhammad’s party without the permission of his party leader, he would be returned without any conditions.
- If someone leaves Muhammad’s party and joins the Quraysh, he will not be returned.
- Both parties will have respect for each other and will not commit any kind of betrayal.
- Whoever wishes can go with Muhammad, and whoever wishes can join the Quraysh.
- Muhammad (PBUH) will not be able to enter Mecca this year, but will leave Mecca next year so that Muhammad (PBUH) can enter Mecca.
- They can stay there three people and carry the same amount of weapons as a traveler.
These were the main points of the Treaty of Hudaybiyah. Then they returned to Medina. However, two things are worth mentioning here. Allah Almighty says in the Quran that the issue of returning a Makkan to Medina does not apply to women.
O you who have believed, when the believing women come to you as emigrants, examine them. Allah is most knowing as to their faith. And if you know them to be believers, then do not return them to the disbelievers; they are not lawful [wives] for them, nor are they lawful [husbands] for them. But give the disbelievers what they have spent. And there is no blame upon you if you marry them when you have given them their due compensation. And hold not to marriage bonds with disbelieving women, but ask for what you have spent and let them ask for what they have spent. That is the judgement of Allah; He judges between you. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.
(Quran 60:10)
Now we will discuss the story of the guerrilla warfare of the companion Abu Basar (may Allah be pleased with him). He is said to have initiated the first guerrilla war in Islam. The incident occurred a few days after the Muslims returned to Medina. Abu Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him), The one who was staying in Mecca fled to Medina in secret. As per the agreement, two polytheists arrived in Medina to bring him back. They demanded that Abu Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) be handed over to them.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called Abu Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, “You must return.” He replied, “Are you telling me to return to the polytheists?”
There is nothing more sad than handing a Muslim over to the infidels in this way. On the other hand, Islam is an important subject, keeping promises.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Look, you must return according to the agreement, because breaking the agreement is not in Islam, but Allah will make arrangements for your release.”
Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) returned to Mecca with those two men from Quraysh.
When he was returning to Mecca with two men from the Quraysh, Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) took a sword from one of them and killed him. Seeing this, another man ran to Medina in fear. Seeing him, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) realized that Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) had done something wrong. Then Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) entered Medina with a bloody sword and said to the Messenger of Allah, “You have kept your promise and I have kept mine.” Then Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) left to In a place called Saiful Bahar.
He lived alone in a place called Saiful Bahar on the shore of a sea. He had only a few dates as his means of livelihood, which when they ran out, he would feed on fish in the sea. On the other hand, when this incident became known in Mecca, many young men from Mecca came with him and joined Saiful Bahar.
Bashir ibn Basir Batuta (may Allah be pleased with him) and his companions regularly attacked the caravans of the Quraysh in Syria. He would attack caravans, kill them, and plunder all their wealth, which made the Quraysh of Mecca very worried.
This news spread far and wide and many Muslims came and joined the guerrilla forces. On the other hand, the Prophet (peace be upon him) knew everything about it, but even knowing everything, he did not condemn it because he was not part of this agreement.
We will discuss the lessons learned from the Treaty of Hudaybiyah. The first question is whether the treaty was a victory for the Muslims. The second achievement is the inaction of the Quraysh. Through this treaty, the Quraysh became inactive for ten years, which made the conquest of Arabia much easier.
No matter how much the Quraysh fancied about this agreement, they essentially acknowledged their allegiance to the Muslims through this agreement.
The final topic of discussion in today’s episode is the Treaty of Hudaibiyah in the light of the Quran. The first thing we will discuss is the peace of mind of believers.
Indeed, We have given you, [O Muhammad], a clear conquest. That Allah may forgive for you what preceded of your sin and what will follow and complete His favor upon you and guide you to a straight path
(Quran 48:1-2)
Here, Allah Almighty has removed all the weaknesses of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and has indicated that many laws of Sharia will be revealed later.
And [that] Allah may aid you with a mighty victory. It is He who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the believers that they would increase in faith along with their [present] faith. And to Allah belong the soldiers of the heavens and the earth, and ever is Allah Knowing and Wise.
(Quran 48:3-4)
All subsequent victories of the Muslims based on the Treaty of Hudaybiyah are referred to as great victories. Then Allah Almighty reminded Muslims that He alone possesses all power.
[And] that He may admit the believing men and the believing women to gardens beneath which rivers flow to abide therein eternally and remove from them their misdeeds – and ever is that, in the sight of Allah, a great attainment.
(Quran 48:5)
It is stated here that women will be equal partners with men.
And [that] He may punish the hypocrite men and hypocrite women, and the polytheist men and polytheist women – those who assume about Allah an assumption of evil nature. Upon them is a misfortune of evil nature; and Allah has become angry with them and has cursed them and prepared for them Hell, and evil it is as a destination.
(Quran 48:6)
Here the punishment of hypocrite men or women is mentioned. They will suffer the punishment at the same time.
A repeated review of the Treaty of Hudaybiyah shows that there were repeated battles, but the battles were not fought by the will of Allah. If the Muslims had entered Mecca fighting, the men and women of Mecca would have been killed, so Allah prevented both sides from fighting.
