Alhamdulillah, we are going to start our discussion about what was Umar’s interest in knowledge and his interest in learning Hadith from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). First, we will talk about the relationship between Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and his life.
We have divided the topics into about 11 points. First comes the hadith where it is said that Hazrat Omar (RA) agreed with my Lord three times. The verse was revealed in favor of Umar ibn al-Khattab regarding not teaching the prayer. The incident of not accepting ransom after the Battle of Badr. When Allah Almighty revealed the verse. The incident of asking permission to enter the house.
In response to Umar’s request, Allah Almighty revealed a clear command from Him regarding the prohibition of alcohol or intoxicants. The knowledge of Umar ibn al-Khattab regarding the revelation of the Quran.
Seventh point: people used to ask Hazrat Omar (RA) about the meaning of various verses. The eighth point: Some incidents regarding the nature of Umar ibn al-Khattab’s interpretation and how he suppressed the philosophical confusion during his caliphate.
Point 9: The person Umar was the subject of the Quranic verses. Some of the events related to that event and in point number 11 we will discuss the brightness of my and Khatar who was a Hafiz of the Quran with Shane Nuzul he used to memorize the verses most in point number 11 the event of compilation after the battle of Yamama these topics are in the first part.
In the first part of our series of discussions, we discussed that Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was a man from whose mouth the truth flowed naturally. The Prophet (PBUH) said about him that he was the continent of this Ummah. Umar described himself as saying that he found my opinion in three matters to be in agreement with the opinion of Allah. In three matters, my opinion was in agreement with the opinion of Allah (swt) and with the revelation of Allah (swt). The hadith is in Bukhari. Now I said, O Messenger of Allah, why don’t we take Maqam Ibrahim as the time for prayer?
Allah then take Ibrahim Al-Hasan as a place of prayer. When Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), “Who would you have ordered your wives to do, because all kinds of people, good and bad, talk to them?” The verse of the veil was revealed. The verse of the hijab was revealed. Amr ibn al-Khattab said that when there was a feeling of arrogance between the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his wives, I went to them and said, “O Messenger of Allah, if he divorces you and makes you farmers, then Allah is better than you who take them as his wives.” Later, Allah revealed the verse about this. Allah says: “If the Prophet abandons all of you, then perhaps his Lord, i.e. Allah, the Exalted, will give him a wife better than you, who will be obedient, believing, pious, and worshipful, neither virgin nor unvirgin.” Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned three incidents in which Allah, the Exalted, revealed the verse in favor of Umar’s opinion, but there are many more incidents besides this. The most famous is that of not praying after the hypocrites.
When Obaydah, the Exalted, revealed the verse, he was the biggest leader of the hypocrites in Medina, and when he died, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), wanted to lead his funeral prayer. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) knew what his evil deeds were, but even then he wanted to pray for him after his death. He wanted to ask Allah, the Exalted, for forgiveness. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, got ready to lead the funeral prayer. At that time, Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came there and stood in front of the Messenger of Allah and he started insisting. He kept saying, “O Messenger of Allah, you want to lead the funeral prayer of such a person.”
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) did not change his face and was smiling softly. He said to me, O Umar, go away from me now. Allah has told me to ask forgiveness for this or not, even if you pray for them 70 times, I will not forgive them. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, Allah Subhanallah said, even if I ask for forgiveness 70 times, Allah will not forgive me, I will ask for more than that. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, If I ask for forgiveness 71 times, I will try to save them. Finally, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) led the funeral prayer for Abdullah ibn Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites, and he went to his grave and stood there and asked Allah Subhanallah for forgiveness for him. Umar ibn Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that when I insisted, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was very surprised and kept saying, “O Messenger of Allah, do not lead the funeral prayer for him.” Finally, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked him to leave. Umar said that after some time, Allah revealed this verse in which Allah says: “Do not pray for these people and do not stand by their graves. Because they disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died in a state of disobedience.” So Allah told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) not to pray for the hypocrites and not to pray for their funeral prayers. This verse was discussed in support of the opinion of Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him).
The next event after Badr was the ransoming of prisoners of war. That event, the Battle of Badr, was the first decisive battle between Islam and infidelity. In that battle, the Muslims achieved the victory that we know of. 70 infidels were killed on the battlefield and 70 were taken prisoner by the infidels.
What should we decide about the 70 prisoners of war? He consulted with the companions. Abu Bakr Siddiq first presented his opinion and said that O Messenger of Allah, these are our relatives, our relatives, someone’s father, someone’s brother or someone’s cousin. We will take a ransom from them and release them. Later, we will use this free life for the benefit of Islam to strengthen Islam and it is hoped that perhaps these people will someday accept Islam and strengthen Islam too. Umar said O Messenger of Allah, I disagree with the opinion of Abu Bakr and I want to say that you should hand over our relatives to us. Hand over his brother Aqeel to Ali and order him to be killed. Similarly, hand over his relative to Hamza and hand over my relative to me and order him to be killed. In this way, one after another, the preacher started speaking to me. He said to me that through this incident, Allah should know that there is no sympathy or mercy in our hearts towards the disbelievers. Through this, he wants to convey a message to everyone, whether Muslim or non-Muslim, that we have no sympathy in our hearts. Later, Abdullah ibn Rawaha presented his opinion. He presented a more severe opinion. He said, I think a big pit should be dug, everyone should be gathered there, and all these infidels should be killed by lighting a fire. They should be burned to death. Without making any decision, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) got up and left, and the companions started discussing which opinion the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would accept. Some said that the opinion of Umar would be accepted, while others said that the opinion of Abu Bakr Siddique would be accepted.
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) returned after a while and he finally accepted Abu Bakr’s opinion and said that the prisoners of war would be released on payment of ransom.
Allah revealed the verse: It is not for a prophet to hold an enemy captive until he has conquered him on earth. And if it had not been for a revelation or a law, this ransom would have been upon you. So Allah (swt) is informing the Messenger of Allah (swt) that it was not right to ransom them in your first battle with the disbelievers without completely destroying them. It was not right to release them until you have completely defeated them. It was right to kill them. Allah (swt) did not accept the issue of taking ransom and revealed the verse in favor of the opinion that Umar had expressed. Later, Allah (swt) gave legitimacy to this matter. Allah (swt) revealed the verse: Take the booty lawful and as a gift. Fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful. So from this incident we can see that Allah Almighty revealed the verse of the Quran regarding the ruling on prisoners of war. It is similar to the opinion of Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him).
Taking permission to enter a house and the incident of the revelation of the verse in this regard. One afternoon, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent an old man or servant to call Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). The houses they lived in at that time were small mud houses and many of them did not have doors. A simple curtain was used to separate the inside of the house from the outside. A simple curtain. People could enter the house as they wished. Umar was sleeping and some parts of his body were uncovered. The servant entered the house and started calling Umar. Umar felt a little uncomfortable seeing a man entering the house like this and some parts of his body were exposed while he was uncovered. O Allah, forbid people from entering the house at this time. Later, or those who are minors, they should ask permission from you at three times. At noon, when you take off your clothes for the heat and after the Isha prayer. These are the three times when you take off your clothes.
Young children who have not reached adulthood should enter the room with permission, even if it is their parents’ room, after the Isha prayer, before the Fajr prayer and after the noon prayer, when people rest, and at this time Allah revealed the verse that requires permission to enter the room. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: This is a verse that people no longer practice. The Companions are saying in the context of his time that people have stopped practicing this verse, so what can we assume about our time? It is narrated in this regard that Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) used to come to him repeatedly and say: O Allah, give us clear guidance regarding alcohol. It is destroying our wealth and destroying our knowledge and conscience. Then first the verse number 219 of Surah Al-Baqarah was revealed. Then Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) came again. In that case, verse 43 of Surah An-Nisa was revealed, and finally, verse 90 of Surah Al-Ma’idah was revealed, making alcohol and other things completely forbidden.
Seventh point, when Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) did not understand the meaning of various verses, he would ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) directly and find out. That is why we see that the interpretation of various verses is based on the questions of Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him). For example, the interpretation of the Qasr prayer. That verse is verse 172 of Al-Araf or at the end of Surah Qamar, where it is said to the Messenger of Allah: Do they think that they are an invincible party? Will they be defeated soon? Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was very interested in the Quran. When he did not understand the meaning of these, he would ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Regarding the night of Qasr, verse 101 of Surah An-Nisa, where Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) says that when you travel in the land and abroad and fear that the disbelievers may cause you trouble, then there is no blame on you if you shorten the prayer. Umayya says that I asked Umar ibn al-Khattab about this verse and said that now the people are safe. When I travel. Umar told me, I was surprised to hear it. Then he asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) about this verse. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: This is a gift or a gift that Allah has given you. That when you are on a journey, you can offer your prayers in a short manner. Is this a gift that Allah has given you, so accept it as such? Our hadith has come so that Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) would clarify the meaning of various verses and ask the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to know it.
Alhamdulillah, we learned that Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) had a love for the Quran. His life was changed by the influence of the verses of the Quran. He took the initiative to compile the Quran into a book and gave the first suggestion to do so. This is the last point of our discussion in this part. The compilation of the Quran was an event that we know was fought against at the beginning of the Caliphate. When the Battle of Yamama took place, Musaylama, the false prophet, was killed. That battle was a very bloody battle and many companions were martyred there. Many of them were Hafiz of the Quran. After that incident, Umar came to Abu Bakr Siddiq and said, “Those who preserve the Hafiz of the Quran are becoming martyrs and I fear that one war after another will continue to take place and the Hafiz of the Quran will continue to be martyred. So, the compilation of the Quran. Until then, the Quran was not in a fixed state in the form of a book. The Quran was preserved in various scattered forms. The Quran was written on pieces of bone. It was written on wood. The Quran was written on stones, leaves, or large pieces of dry skin. Camel’s shoulder skin was very wide and long. The Quran was written on it. The Quran was written and preserved, but it was scattered and scattered, and it was not collected in the form of a book. The companions preserved the Quran in their hearts. Umar bin Khattab said that if the Quran died like this, there might be a fear. So we should take the initiative to collect the Quran in one book. Abu Bakr Siddiq said, “Are you asking me to do something that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) himself did not do? I am only a follower. I am not an innovator.” Umar said, “This is not an innovation. This is a good deed. The beginning of a good deed.” Finally, Abu Bakr Siddiq agreed. He decided that the most qualified person for the job would be given the responsibility. His name was Zayd ibn (may Allah be pleased with him).
Zayd bin Thabit agreed. Zayd later said that the burden was on me, if I had been told that moving a mountain would have seemed easy to me. The task of compiling the Quran seemed so difficult to Thabit. He successfully completed the task with skill. The Quran was written down in one book. It was handed over to Abu Bakr Siddique, who was the Caliph, and it was the first musafah of the Quran.
Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, we will discuss in a moment how he acquired knowledge, but before that we will mention another hadith in which we see a virtue about my ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him. This has come in Sahih Muslim. The Messenger of God also saw this hadith in a dream. So we see many incidents where the Messenger of God saw Umar ibn al-Khattab in a dream. A unique status of Khattab. The Messenger of God says that I was sleeping. Then I saw people presented before me. They were walking in front of me. I saw that the clothes they were wearing were some short and some were very long. For some, the clothes were so short that they only reached their chests. That much was covered. For some, the clothes were longer than that. For some, the clothes were completely short. But when I saw Umar ibn al-Khattab passing in front of me, I saw that his clothes were very long, covering his entire body and dragging on the ground. Now what do we know about clothes hanging on the ground? It is not right to hang our clothes below our ankles. It is not permissible. But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saw a situation where his clothes were covering his entire body and dragging on the ground. First of all, it was a dream and dreams are subject to interpretation. The companions asked Salam what this dream meant in this regard.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said that it means the ideal of Islam. So seeing clothes or garments in a dream means the ideal of Islam. In the case of some, the ideal of Islam or piety was so little that it only reached their chest as a garment. It only covered that much. On the other hand, in the case of Umar ibn al-Khattab, the amount of his religion was so much that it covered his entire body and went further and further back on the ground.
