The topic of discussion in today’s episode is the Second Oath of Aqaba.
This event is a milestone for Islam. This event gives Islam a new impetus. Today we will try to discuss this turning point in history in detail.
But before that, let’s first know the summary of how Islam entered Medina. Ibn Ishaq narrated that when Allah wanted him to establish Islam, he brought some Ansar to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Prophet (peace be upon him) met six people from Medina and they embraced Islam together. They returned to Medina and promised to meet the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) again the following year. Those 6 Muslims started preaching Islam in Medina. They returned to meet the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) as they had promised. But this time a total of 12 people returned. These 12 people took oaths before the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
This oath-taking ceremony took place at a place called Akaba. Therefore, this swearing-in ceremony is known as the First Oath-taking in Aqaba.
After the first oath, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sent Umar to establish an organization in Medina. So that he can guide them about Islam. Musab had come from Mecca, so he needed someone in Medina who could support him.
The person in Medina who supports him the most is named Junaidah. Through the efforts of both of them, Islam spread widely in Medina. But even then, Islam was not widely established in Medina because no leader of Medina accepted Islam at that time.
As we mentioned earlier, the two main tribes of Medina were the Hazaras and the Hausas, and there was constant war between these two tribes. The political situation at that time was such that if these two parties united, they could emerge as a political force.
Keeping that in mind, two men were selected, Asad from the Hajjaj tribe and Aws from the Aws tribe. Both of them can be said to be prominent figures of the Aus tribe. So they both embraced Islam.
The situation in Medina was such that at least one person in every family was a Muslim. Meanwhile, most of the people of the Hajjaj tribe and Aws tribe had converted to Islam. And thus a stronghold of Islam was established in Medina.
And one of the most important events in Islam was established around this, the Second Oath of Aqaba.
Which is the main topic of our today’s episode. This event took place in the tenth year of the Islamic Propagation Program, which was the Hajj season. This event took place in the tenth year of the Islamic Propagation Program, which was the Hajj season. The people arriving from Medina were both Muslims and non-Muslims.
Although the meeting was held secretly with the Muslims, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was accompanied by non-Muslims when they set out. 73 men and two women came to meet the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Al-Bara’ ibn Mahmud (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): O Messenger of Allah, when I set out on my journey, I thought that it was not right to pray with the Kaaba behind me, but my companions prevented me from doing so. However, I prayed with the Kaaba in front of me. Tell me if I did it right.
The Prophet’s greetings were in response, “You should always do this with whatever Qiblah was before you.”
From then on, Bara ibn radiyallahu ta’ala anhu changed his Qiblah.
Since the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was in Mecca at the time, he did not have to pray facing the Kaaba, but rather facing Jerusalem.
But after the migration, the same feeling arose in the mind of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
Finally, the longed-for night arrived. The Muslims, divided into small groups, began to gather in the Aqaba.
The whole thing was happening in secret because they didn’t want anyone to see them. If a large group of 70 people went to meet together, the incident would become public knowledge, so they met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) one by one.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the only Muslim to come from Mecca and was accompanied by his uncle Abdul Muttalib. Abbas was present at that meeting and he was the only non-Muslim present.
Abbas narrated that we all know what kind of person the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was. We are protecting him from our people. Now he wants to join us. If you can accept his invitation, please let us know. And if you think you can’t accept him, then say so now because he is currently safe among his tribe.
Abbas was the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and a respected leader of the Banu Hashim. Despite being a polytheist, he preferred to be with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). After Abu Talib, the person who provided security to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Mecca was Abbas. He wanted his nephew to be safe when he left Mecca, so the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) invited him to the meeting.
Abbas was going to attend the meeting and ensure the safety of the people of the Banu Hashem tribe.
After Abbas’ speech, the Ansar said, “We have heard your speech, now, O Messenger of Allah, you begin your speech.”
Then the Messenger of Allah stood up, recited the Quran and told them to swear to obey me and listen to me in good and bad times. Spend in the way of Allah in both prosperity and adversity. Enjoin good deeds and forbid evil deeds. Speak in the way of Allah and do not care about the words of the slanderers.
And when I come, you will guard me just as you guard your wives and children.
The pledge was a step above the pledge organized in Aqaba. Previously, they had only pledged to become Muslims, but this time they had added the issue of providing security to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). He informed them that he was not coming to Medina just for security, but that he was the Prophet of Allah and everyone must accept him.
It was originally a pledge for self-defense. The Prophet (peace be upon him) was very clear, he told the Ansar what he wanted. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) embarked on a mission for which one cannot hesitate to sacrifice one’s life.
Upon hearing the words of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Ibn Ma’ Asur stood up first.
He took the hand of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said, “By the One who sent you as a Messenger. We will protect you the same way we protect our wives. O Messenger of Allah, make us swear an oath, for we have been a nation of warriors for generations.”
We have already mentioned that tribalism was everything to the Arabs, so the Ansar were afraid that the Prophet (peace be upon him) would leave them and return to Mecca.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied: My blood is your blood, my destruction is your destruction. I am yours and you are mine. I will fight those you fight with, and I will make peace with those you make peace with.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) kept his word and returned to Madinah after the conquest of Makkah and later settled in Madinah.
The Ansar were of strong character. They asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) what would we get in return for swearing to you?
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied with only one word: Paradise. The only thing the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said was that he did not promise them wealth, but power.
After the oath-taking ceremony was over, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) entrusted some people with the responsibility of Medina.
On the authority of Kaab ibn Malik, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Give me 12 representatives from among you who will be representatives over their tribes.
They elected nine representatives from the Hajjaj tribe and three from the Aus tribe.
These 12 people in the history of Islam are known as Naqibs.
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to them, “Go back.” Abbas and Ubayda said, “O Messenger of Allah, if you give us permission, tomorrow we can attack Mina with swords.”
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied, “No, we have not yet been commanded about that.”
You all go back to the tent. How could the news reach the people of the Quraysh tribe, because it was not easy to keep the news of 70 people taking the oath of allegiance a secret?
They entered the tents of the tribes of Aws and Hujjaj and asked them, “We heard that you had taken an oath to protect Muhammad.” Know that fighting you is more hateful to us than fighting any other Arab tribe.
The people of the tribes of Haws and Hajjaj remained silent, but instead they replied, and the polytheists replied, “Nothing like this has happened.”
The polytheist members of the tribe did not know that other members of the tribe had met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
They had no idea about the secret meeting, instead they repeatedly said that they had never met Muhammad (PBUH).
They had no idea about the secret meeting, instead they repeatedly said that they had never met Muhammad (PBUH). This was the meeting of the Ansar with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and it can be said with certainty that this meeting was very important.
This was a very important event in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad gained a land from which he could spread Islam.
We are discussing the lessons we can learn from the incident in Aqaba in point form.
Point number one: Ka’b ibn Maik said: We learned to pray before we left Medina. We were able to gain knowledge of Islam. This was before the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) migrated.
Part 2 When the Ansar asked the Prophet (peace be upon him) what they would get in return for accepting Islam, he replied, “Paradise.”
That is, from here we understand that the main goal of all work will be Paradise.
Point number three: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made his point very clear to the Ansar. He clearly informed them that by taking an oath with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), their lives could be in danger, and in return, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) promised them Paradise.
Point number four: 70 Muslims were present during the oath-taking during the second battle of Aqaba. There may have been more Muslims outside of this.
After they accepted the exception, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) chose 12 people from among them, meaning the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) divided them into small groups.
This incident shows that Islam places importance on being well-organized.
Point number 5: The Prophet (peace be upon him) never neglected his work, rather he was a perfect.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) took many measures, especially during the second oath-taking ceremony at Aqaba. First of all, the timing. This incident happened at night. When most people were asleep. Second: The place. This swearing-in ceremony took place in a place where no one usually comes and goes. It was a ravine on the side of a mountain.
Thirdly, instead of everyone coming together, they came in small groups so that others wouldn’t noticed.
Fourth, at this meeting, the Prophet’s uncle Abbas and Hazrat Ali were guarding the mountain side, and Abu Bakr was guarding the road side so that no one could come suddenly.
Sixth, when Satan shouted, the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not panic, but rather he calmly made a decision.
Point 7: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) set the conditions for accepting the oath very beautifully.
Point number eight Bara (may Allah be pleased with him) pray facing Mecca. But until then, the commandment was to pray facing Jerusalem. Even after becoming the leader of the tribe of Bara (may Allah be pleased with him), he prayed alone, facing Mecca.
From this I learned that the people of the tribe used to follow the leader, but after embracing Islam they followed Allah and His Messenger. Since no guidance had yet come to them, they used to pray facing Jerusalem only.
This suggests that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was encouraging joint decision-making.
