Browsing: Companions

The Battle of Yamama in the Ridda wars, the defeat of Musaylima’s movement, the heavy losses among Quran reciters and the decision to collect the Quran in writing.

What later historical reports about Umar’s night patrols teach about public accountability, welfare, justice, and the limits of historical certainty.

The early campaigns against Sasanian territory: Khalid, al-Muthanna, al-Hira and the distinction between frontier gains and later conquests.

Stories of Umar ibn al-Khattab’s night patrols explore a question at the heart of public responsibility: what happens when those…

The campaigns in al-Sham under Abu Bakr: the commanders, the move from Iraq, instructions on conduct and the sequence before Yarmuk.

Umar and enjoining good: the Black Stone, Hudaybiyyah’s tree, the Nile story and the importance of reliable evidence, restraint and honest conduct.

The Battle of Yarmuk in 636 under Umar: its place after Abu Bakr’s campaigns, the surviving historical account and the limits of precise figures.

Famine and epidemic disease presented different challenges during Umar ibn al-Khattab’s caliphate. This episode examines accounts of hunger and relief,…

Abu Bakr’s death and legacy: the final illness, Umar’s succession and sourced accounts of companionship, generosity and human fallibility.

A clear guide to zakat, land revenue, public stipends and fiscal accountability during Umar ibn al-Khattab’s caliphate, without forcing modern economic labels onto the seventh century.